Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating body temperature?

The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis within the body, which includes regulating body temperature. It acts as the body's thermostat, monitoring temperature and responding to any deviations from the normal range. When the body temperature rises, the hypothalamus triggers mechanisms such as sweating and increasing blood flow to the skin to promote cooling. Conversely, if the body temperature falls, it can stimulate actions like shivering and conserving heat through blood vessel constriction.

In contrast, the cerebellum is primarily involved in coordination and balance, while the cerebrum is responsible for higher-order functions such as thinking and decision-making. The brainstem plays a critical role in controlling basic life functions such as heart rate and breathing but does not directly manage thermoregulation like the hypothalamus does. Consequently, the hypothalamus is the correct answer to this question.