What is the smallest structural unit of the nervous system?

The smallest structural unit of the nervous system is the neuron. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the body, facilitating communication between different parts of the nervous system. Each neuron consists of several components: the cell body, dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and organelles, while dendrites receive signals from other neurons, and the axon transmits impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons or muscles.

Understanding the neuron as the fundamental building block of the nervous system is crucial, as it highlights how signals are processed and transmitted. In contrast, axons are just one part of a neuron responsible for carrying impulses, synapses refer to the junctions between neurons where communication occurs, and glial cells provide support and protection to neurons but do not conduct impulses themselves. This structural hierarchy emphasizes the unique role neurons play in the function of the nervous system.