What is the purpose of a urinalysis?

A urinalysis serves as a crucial diagnostic tool in medicine, primarily targeting the assessment of kidney function and the detection of metabolic disorders. The urine produced by the kidneys reflects various metabolic byproducts, electrolytes, and substances filtered from the blood. By analyzing the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine, healthcare providers can gain insights into the overall health of the kidneys, specifically their ability to filter waste and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.

Additionally, urinalysis can help identify abnormal levels of substances that may indicate conditions such as diabetes mellitus, liver disease, or infections. This test is often part of routine health screenings and can guide further diagnostic testing or interventions. The other options, while related to important health evaluations, do not encapsulate the primary objective of urinalysis; for instance, measuring blood sugar levels specifically pertains to blood tests rather than urine analysis.