What is the acceptable method of sterilization for surgical instruments?

The acceptable method of sterilization for surgical instruments is steam autoclaving because it employs high-pressure steam to kill all microorganisms, including resistant bacterial spores. This method is highly effective and is widely considered the standard in healthcare settings for sterilizing surgical tools. The high temperature and pressure achieved in an autoclave ensure thorough penetration of steam into the instrument surfaces and crevices, leading to a comprehensive sterilization process.

Other methods listed do not provide the same level of sterilization. Alcohol soaking can disinfect surfaces and tools but does not achieve true sterilization as it may not kill all spores. Soap washing is effective for cleaning but not for sterilization, as it does not eliminate all microorganisms. Surface disinfecting generally reduces pathogens on surfaces but is insufficient for sterilizing instruments that enter sterile areas of the body, such as surgical instruments. Thus, steam autoclaving remains the gold standard for ensuring that surgical instruments are completely sterile.