Informed consent must be obtained before which type of procedures?

Informed consent is a vital ethical and legal obligation in healthcare that ensures patients are fully aware of and agree to the procedures being performed on them. This is particularly crucial for any invasive medical procedure, as these types of procedures typically carry more significant risks and potential complications compared to non-invasive ones.

Invasive procedures involve access to the body that can impact deeper structures or involve incisions, insertion of instruments, needles, or other devices. Because these can lead to complications, further risks, or discomfort, it is essential that patients are given detailed information about what the procedure entails, the risks involved, potential benefits, and any alternatives available.

Obtaining informed consent not only protects the patient’s autonomy and right to make decisions about their own body but also provides legal protection for the healthcare provider. Patients may not need to provide informed consent for non-invasive tests or routine check-ups, as these typically have lower risk levels and are generally understood as standard care. Similarly, physical therapy sessions can often be initiated without formal consent if they are part of a treatment plan already discussed with the patient. Thus, informed consent is a critical requirement specifically for invasive procedures due to the complexities and risks involved.